Te whiriwhiri i te rahi o te ipu para o waho

I roto i te whakamahere wāhi tūmatanui o te tāone, ahakoa te āhua māmā noa iho te whiriwhiri i te rahi o ngā ipu para o waho, me whai whakaaro ki ngā āhuatanga matua e toru: te āhua ataahua, te hototahitanga o ngā rauemi, me te mahi whaihua. Mena kāore e tika te rahi o ngā ipu para o waho i roto i ngā āhuatanga rerekē, ka kino pea te ataahua o te taiao, ka arahi rānei ki te kohikohinga para, ki te para rauemi rānei. E tohu ana ngā tohunga, hei whiriwhiri pūtaiao i te rahi o ngā ipu para o waho, me whai whakaaro whānui ki ngā āhuatanga e whai ake nei.
Ataahua: Te āhua o te tirohanga i waenganui i te rahi me te taiao
Me hanga tuatahi te rahi o ngā ipu para o waho hei taurite tirohanga ki te taiao e karapoti ana. I ngā wāhi iti te kiato pērā i ngā māra tawhito, i ngā ara hīkoi ataahua rānei, ka taea e ngā ipu para nui rawa o waho te whakararuraru i te haere tonu o te whenua, ā, ka whakakorikori hoki te tirohanga. I roto i ēnei āhuatanga, he pai te whakamahi i tētahi ipu para iti o waho he 60-80 cm te teitei, ā, he 30-50 rita te kaha. Ka taea e tōna āhua te whakauru i ngā āhuatanga taiao pērā i te kōhatu, te whatu pāpaka rānei, ka hanga hononga rauropi ki te whenua.
I ngā wāhi tuwhera pērā i ngā tapawhā rohe arumoni, i ngā pokapū kawe waka rānei, me whai rahinga motuhake ngā ipu para o waho kia urutau ki te rahinga o te wāhi. He pai ake te whakamahi i tētahi ipu para o waho rahi-waenga, he 100-120 cm te teitei, ā, he 80-120 rita te kaha. Ka taea te hoahoa i ēnei ipu para o waho mā te whakakotahi i ngā momo āhua, pērā i te whakakotahi i ngā tinana peere whakarōpū 3-4 ki te āhua kotahi, e kore e tutuki noa i te whakaritenga kaha nui, engari e pupuri ana hoki i te ataahua o te tirohanga mā te whakakotahi i te tae me te rārangi. E whakaatu ana tētahi tauira whakahoutanga o te tiriti mō te hunga hīkoi, ko te whakakapi i ngā ipu para iti o waho 20-rita taketake ki tētahi ipu para o waho 100-rita kua whakakotahihia, ehara i te mea i whakapiki noa i te pai o te kohikohinga para mā te 40%, engari i whakapai ake hoki i te ataahua whānui o te tiriti.
Hototahi rauemi: Taurite pūtaiao o te rahi me te pakari
Me rite te rahi o ngā ipu para o waho ki ngā āhuatanga o te rauemi. He kaha te maitai kore waikura, ā, he nui tōna taumaha, he pai mō ngā ipu para nui o waho, he 100 rita te rahi, neke atu rānei. Mā te tukanga whakarewa ka taea te whakarite kia pumau te hanganga o te tinana o te peere, ā, e kore e hē ahakoa kua whakakiia ki ngā mea taumaha. He tino pai tēnei mō ngā wāhi kī tonu i te tangata pērā i ngā teihana me ngā papa tākaro.
He pakari te maitai piauau engari he iti te kaha ki te pikau i ngā kawenga, he pai ake mō ngā ipu para o waho rahi-waenga me te kaha o te 50-80 rita. Ka taea e tōna paninga mata te ātete i te pirau ultraviolet, ā, ka taea e tōna roanga ora te eke ki te 5-8 tau i ngā taiao tuwhera pēnei i ngā papa me ngā hapori. He mama te kirihou hangarua, ā, he tino ātete ki te waikura. Ko ngā ipu para iti o waho me te kaha o te 30-60 rita ka whakamahia tēnei rauemi i te nuinga o te wā. Kāore he hononga o tana tukanga hangahanga kotahi-wahi, ka ārai i te waikura o roto i puta mai i te urunga o te wai, ā, he mārama ngā painga ki ngā wāhi ataahua makuku, ki ngā ara hikoi taha moana rānei.
Whaihua: Te whakarite tika i te rahi me ngā whakaritenga o te tirohanga
I ngā wāhi noho hapori, me whakakotahi te rahi o ngā ipu para o waho ki ngā tikanga tuku para a ngā kainoho me ngā huringa kohi. I ngā wāhi he maha ngā papa, me whakarite ngā ipu para o waho he 60-80 rita te kaha, me te whakanoho i ngā huinga e 2-3 ki te taha o ia whare, ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia tuku para o ia rā me te kore e noho ki te wāhi tūmatanui nā te nui rawa o te rahinga. I ngā hapori noho teitei, ka taea te whiriwhiri i ngā ipu para nui o waho he 120-240 rita te kaha, me te whakakotahi i te auau kohi o te 2-3 wā i te wiki, hei karo i te waipuke o te para. I ngā wāhi he nui ngā mahi a ngā tamariki pēnei i ngā kura me ngā papa tākaro, me whakahaere te teitei o ngā ipu para o waho i waenga i te 70 me te 90 henimita, ā, kaua te teitei o te whakatuwheratanga tukunga e neke ake i te 60 henimita hei whakahaere i te tuku para a ngā tamariki. Ko te kaha o aua ipu para o waho he 50 ki te 70 rita, e kore e taea te whakaiti i te pēhanga o te horoinga auau engari ka whakarei ake hoki i te hononga mā te hoahoa kāhua pakiwaituhi.
I ngā āhuatanga motuhake pēnei i ngā ara maunga i ngā wāhi ataahua, me taurite te kawe me te kaha o ngā ipu para o waho. Ko ngā ipu para o waho e whakairihia ana ki te pakitara, e whakauruhia ana rānei, he 40 ki te 60 rita te kaha. Mā te rahi iti ka taea te whakaiti i te pānga ki te haerenga o te ara, ā, mā te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi mama ka māmā ake te kawe me te whakakapi mā ngā kaimahi. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga mai i tētahi wāhi ataahua maunga, whai muri i te whakakapinga o ngā ipu para nui o waho 100-rita taketake ki ngā ipu para o waho 50-rita e whakairihia ana ki te pakitara, kua heke te utu mahi mō te kohikohi para mā te 30%, ā, kua piki ake te makona o ngā tūruhi mā te 25%.
Hei whakamutunga, kāore he paerewa kotahi mō te whiriwhiri i te rahi o ngā ipu para o waho. Me whakarerekē ngāwari kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te tauine ā-wāhi o te wāhi motuhake, te matotoru o te rerenga tangata, me ngā āhuatanga o ngā rauemi. Mā te whakatutuki i te kotahitanga o te ataahua, te hototahitanga o ngā rauemi, me te whai huatanga ka taea ai e ngā ipu para o waho te noho hei hanganga mō te whakapai ake i te kounga o te taiao tūmatanui.